As we know from beginning that pansreatic islets contain cell types as Alpha cell,Betha cell.Alpha cell producting gulcagon n beta cell producting Insulin.Insulin n glucagon are the 2 principal hormones controling Carbohidrate metabolism Insulin is powerfull Hypoglycemic agent while glucagon is a hyperglycemic agent.both of this hormones to maintain balance and normal blood glucose.
Insulin
Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to high blood sugar, although a low level of insulin is always secreted by the pancreas. After a meal, the amount of insulin secreted into the blood increases as the blood glucose rises. Likewise, as blood glucose falls, insulin secretion by the pancreatic islet beta cells decreases.
In response to insulin, cells (muscle, red blood cells, and fat cells) take glucose in from the blood, which ultimately lowers the high blood glucose levels back to the normal rangeit goes through different stages of development.the end of stage is pro insulin which is insulin + c peptide
What is The Action of Insulin?
Insulin is vital for life,its is infortan for metabolism of
All this type of food are converted to glucose and used by the body as energy.
If the body cell as a room so insulin as a key.to helps glucose to enter the body cell.Increases Insulin action starting
How Insulin Works?
Insulin secreted at a low,base level(betwen meals).
The blood glucose rises rapidly after the ingestion of glucose or(high carbohidrate meals)
Insulin secretion stimulated to reduce the blood glucose level.(beta cell detect high blood glucose)
High glucose concentration occures within the first hour and return to base level within 2 hours.
Glucagon
Gucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose is low. Blood glucose is low between meals and during exercise. When blood glucose is high, no glucagon is secreted from the alpha cells. Glucagon has the greatest effect on the liver although it affects many different cells in the body. Glucagon's function is to cause the liver to release stored glucose from its cells into the blood. Glucagon also the production of glucose by the liver out of building blocks obtained from other nutrients found in the body, for example, protein.
Insulin signals a state of energy abundance, and activates glucose uptake, metabolism and storage as glycogen in muscle and fat tissue. These organs make up most of the body's mass. At the same time, insulin restrains processes that release stored energy; lipolysis and ketogenesis, glycogenolysis, proteolysis and gluconeogenesis. Insulin is necessary for uptake of amino acids to tissues and for protein synthesis. Insulin is THE central actor in homeostasis; the stabilization of the internal milieu.
Insulin and glucagon act together to balance metabolism .In general we can say that insulin favors anabolic reactions; glucagon, catabolic reactions.
